Gene Duplication and the Genome Distribution of Sex-Biased Genes
نویسندگان
چکیده
In species that have two sexes, a single genome encodes two morphs, as each sex can be thought of as a distinct morph. This means that the same set of genes are differentially expressed in the different sexes. Many questions emanate from this statement. What proportion of genes contributes to sexual dimorphism? How do they contribute to sexual dimorphism? How is sex-biased expression achieved? Which sex and what tissues contribute the most to sex-biased expression? Do sex-biased genes have the same evolutionary patterns as nonbiased genes? We review the current data on sex-biased expression in species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes and comment on the most important hypotheses suggested to explain the origin, evolution, and distribution patterns of sex-biased genes. In this perspective we emphasize how gene duplication serves as an important molecular mechanism to resolve genomic clashes and genetic conflicts by generating sex-biased genes, often sex-specific genes, and contributes greatly to the underlying genetic basis of sexual dimorphism.
منابع مشابه
Bioinformatics Genome-Wide Characterization of the WRKY Gene Family in Sorghum bicolor
The WRKY gene family encodes a large group of transcription factors that regulate genes involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Sorghum is a notable grain and forage crop in semi-arid regions because of its unusual tolerance against hot and dry environments. We identified a set of 85 WRKY genes in the S. bicolor genome and classified them into three groups (I–III). Among the ...
متن کاملGene Family: Structure, Organization and Evolution
Gene families are considered as groups of homologous genes which they share very similar sequences and they may have identical functions. Members of gene families may be found in tandem repeats or interspersed through the genome. These sequences are copies of the ancestral genes which have underwent changes. The multiple copies of each gene in a family were constructed based on gene duplicati...
متن کاملSexual dimorphism and the evolution of sex-biased gene expression in the brown alga ectocarpus.
Males and females often have marked phenotypic differences, and the expression of these dissimilarities invariably involves sex differences in gene expression. Sex-biased gene expression has been well characterized in animal species, where a high proportion of the genome may be differentially regulated in males and females during development. Male-biased genes tend to evolve more rapidly than f...
متن کاملGene duplication and the evolution of phenotypic diversity in insect societies.
Gene duplication is an important evolutionary process thought to facilitate the evolution of phenotypic diversity. We investigated if gene duplication was associated with the evolution of phenotypic differences in a highly social insect, the honeybee Apis mellifera. We hypothesized that the genetic redundancy provided by gene duplication could promote the evolution of social and sexual phenotyp...
متن کاملComparative bioinformatics analysis of a wild diploid Gossypium with two cultivated allotetraploid species
Background: Gossypium thurberi is a wild diploid species that has been used to improve cultivated allotetraploid cotton. G. thurberi belongs to D genome, which is an important wild bio-source for the cotton breeding and genetic research. To a certain degree, chloroplast DNA sequence information are a versatile tool for species identification and phylogenetic implications in plants. Different ch...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2011 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011